The aims of this paper are to present the Managerial Roles Approach which is one of the ways used in analysing managerial work; to offer the results of Henry Mintzberg's outstanding study in which he analysed the managerial work by using the descriptive research method and stmctured observation technique; to exhibit same findings of empirical studies carried out in the field of educational administration with the same method and technique

Keywords: Managerial Roles Approach, The WorkActivity School, Managerial work
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Universal roles of the universities in regional development and presenting the findings of a research related to regional experiences of the universities in Priority Regions for Development (PRD) of Turkey constitute the issue of this paper. In the first section, the changing functions of the universities in about their millennium history of development and their roles in regional development policies in some OECD countries are reviewed. In the second section, the historical development of regional universities, their regional functions in Higher Education Act No. 2547 and some practices of regional universities are presented. In the third section, findings of a research providing the evaluation of the administrators of higher education institutions and occupation chambers about the external activities (applied research, non-formal education, counselling, publication and health services) of the universities in PRD are summarised. In the last section, measures required for the improvement of the regional activities of the regional universities in Turkeyare presented.

Keywords: University, higher education, regional functions of universities, regional development, Turkey.
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The primary purpose of this paper is to discuss perspectives on international students and the approaches to the understanding the context of international student flow to higher educational institutions of "developed countries." These issues have been investigated from individual, social, economic and political perspectives. The first, i reviewed the historical perspectives of international studyand international student movements across national boundaries. A considerable amount of research was done in the 1960s in the international student migration. The researches focused on issues related to crosscultural experiences and the impact of the migration, both on the students and on the nations affected by the phenomenon. Until recently it was believed that the individual students, the home countries, and the host countries could all benefit, if policies relating to international study provided selected students with a well-designed educational experience. But in the 1980s, international study has become to be seen as being fraught with complex and negative outcomes and is often associated with cultural dependency, cultural imperialism and cultural alienation. In the past-war period, developing countries, the government leaders and elites have adopted three influential perspectives, Modernization theory, Human Capital theory, and Screening Hypothesis, on economic development in framing their educational policies. They have chosen, as foundations of their national development, a qualitative transformation of their societies along the lines of Westem science and technology and a rapid quantitative expansion of educational opportunities. They see education as an important factor in helping them move from a "traditional" towards a "modern" economy. Unfortunately, the impressive claims about the quantitative and qualitative gains of education, expressed in the theories of education and development, have had drastic effects upon the Third World countries.

Keywords: International Study, International Student, Transnational Student Mobility, Students of Migratron, Higher Education
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This study is related to psyehometrie properties of a Likert type seale. This investigation is especially related to frequently used validation procedure. "Is it possible to obtain a final scale with one dimension (faetor) using traditional unidimensional item seleetion proeedures?" Results were diseussed and some comments were made

Keywords: attitudes, likert seales, validity, construet validity, factor analysis
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In this study, the changes, which occured when multiple-choice testing were asked as open-ended testing in mathematics, were examined. This research is a qualitative study. A multiple-choice test with 26 items and open-ended problems which placed in the multiple choice test were given to responsed.. Answers (2600 item) were compared to each other . Results of this study showed that when multiple-choice testing was asked as open-ended testing in mathematics, structural changes have occured in behaviours of the respondents. Besides, there were no differences between the results of these two types of tests on validity and reliability. However, when wrong answers in open-ended tests were grouped according to their types, errar types had a structural characteristics

Keywords: Measurement in mathematics, Multiplechoice-test, Open-ended-test, Essay test, Validity and Reliability.
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In this paper the meaning and integrity of career and personal counseling is discussed emphasizing the fact that career and personal problems are inextricably intertwined and therefore should not be dealt with separately.The processes of career and personal counseling have much in common.An eclectic career counseling model may be useful because the counselor is free to choose from a wide variety of theories and techniques. Implications for training the counselors and practicing career counseling are also discussed .

Keywords: Career counseling ,personal counseling, meaning, integrity.
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The aim of this research was to find out the expression of anger and trait anger of Hacettepe University students according to some variables. The subjects of the study were 297 students of Department of Educationa! Sciences. The Trait Anger and Anger-Expression Inventory was administered. For statistical analysis t test and ANOVA were utilized. As a result, students who perceived their fathers' attitude as democratic have signiHcantly lower anger-in than those who perceived their fathers as authoritarian, protective and unstable. No significant difference was found in trait anger, anger-in, anger-out and in the control of anger respecting the other variables.

Keywords: Trait Anger, Anger-Expression, Anger-in, Anger-out, .Anger-control.
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In this study, Perceived Social Support Scale which is developed for Turkish population is introduced. In this pilot study, the reliability and validity data are presented. The Cronbach Alpha of 'the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) is 0.93. The validity coefficient between PSSS and Social Support Scale for Children and Adolescents developed by Harter is 0.69. Later, PerceivedSocial Support Scale's usage is discussed and some suggestions are made

Keywords: Social support
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This article discusses the advantages of using drama as a method of education in elementary schools.The article consists of five main parts:definition of drama, drama in education, the advantages of using drama in elementary schools, current situation and recommendations. The first part can be divided into two sub-groups: the importance of drama and forms of drama. The second part deals with drama in schools in general and drama in elementary schools. In the third part the advantages of using drama in elementary schools are discussed. One of them is self actualization and the other one is personal or emotional development. In the fourth part is current situation in drama. Finally the last part is recommendations.

Keywords: Drama, elementary school, advantages of using drama, method.'
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The Turkish Government has placed great emphasis on the importance of Information technology (IT) to the Turkish Economy. This emphasis on IT was the stimulus for a pilot project. This paper presents an evaluation of the research framework chosen to evaluate that pilot project. Checkland's soft systems methodology was used as the therotical framework for the research as it is specifically designed toaccamodate complex human activity systems. The framework proved less than adequate, however, because it has underlying assumptions which cauld not be met in the Turkish situation.

Keywords: Checkland's soft systems methodology, Information technology.
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This research was conducted to determine the time spent for watching television and other activities during the week and weekends by the children attending fourth and Hfth grades of primary schools located at various socio-economical level districts. Also, whether or not the time spent on those activities were related to the factors such as time, age, sex, socio-economical levels. To total 103 subjects forms containing the activity types for two week days and two weekend days, were given and they wrote all of their activities except sleep. For each activities data was collected for every child and average minutes per day for the week and for the weekend were acounted. With those activity periods, the relation of variables such as sex, socio-economical level and age was evaluated by variance analyse method. At the end of the research it was found out that children spent more time on watching Yaşare Aktaş.. television, and lesser time on listening to the music, drawing and handicrafts. Also, weekend activities were taken more time. Sex, socio-economicallevels and age did not effect the activity periods. Subjects attending fifth grade spend more time on studing than the fourth grades

Keywords: Watching television, time spend for the activities.
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This paper presents the results of investigations of the precompound exciton model in the (n,nı) reactions. This model have been applied us six nucleus in the atomie number range A?!. 55-209 and energy region En= 1-14 MeV. The cakulated results have be en found to be consistent with experimentally observed data

Keywords: (n, nı) reactions, precompound (preequilibrium), exciton model
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One of the necessary requirement for becoming information society is the setting of the effective and efficient environment for teaching/learning of mathematics in the schools and other institutions of education. In this context, the reason for becoming literate in mathematics is explained, and the requirement for the supply of necessary, sufficient and continuous resource is then emphasised.

Keywords: Information society, Mathematics edutation, Literacy in mathematics, Teaching/ learning environment.
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Hermann Hesse (1877-1962) behandelt in seinen Romanen hauptsachlich die Themen der Selbstverwirklichung oder der Selbstvernichtung,worin er das Individium in den Mittelpunkt stellt. Das Individium befindet sich standig in einem ProzeB der Menschwerdung. In diesem ProzeB bildet sich entweder die Persönlichkeit allmahlich heraus (in diesem Falle v6llendet es den ProzeB der Selbstverwirklichung ), oder es gerat in einen unüberwindbaren, inneren Konflikt (in diesem Falle endet der ProzeB mit dem Akt der Selbstzerstörung ). Bei dem ProzeB der Persönlichkeitsbildung ist die Rolle der Frau besonders hervorzuheben, die Hesse in seinen Romanen "Demian" und "Siddhartha" zur Sprache bringt. Die Frau fördert sozusagen den ProzeB der Selbstverwirklichung. Darüber hinaus wird sie in diesen Romanen zum Symbol der Liebe und des Friedens.

Keywords: Hermann Hesse, Frau.
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In this study, the feelings and thoughts of the German Language Teaching Department students have been examined systematicaııy through the difficulties they face in writing; the reasons of these difficulties have be en examined and some suggestions have been put forward. A questionnaire has been prepared taking a lot of scientific sources into consideration and this questionnaire has beenn given to 178 undergraduate students. The results of the questionnaire will both help us find out the reasons of the difficulties that they face in writing and will also guide the teachers of writing in their writing classes.

Keywords: writing skill, German as a foreign language
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Most foreign language students have difficulty improving their language skills,especially listening and reading. One of the common characteristics of the two skills mentioned is that an ability to predict the content of the language substance helps increase their comprehension. The aim of this study is to see whether listening or reading is more influential in improving the other. The experiments carried out with fOUf groups of students, equal in number and the level of proficieney, conveyed that reading as a pre-listening activity was mare efficient in improving the listening skill rather than vice versa.

Keywords: Language skills (reading, writing, listening, speaking), ability to predict.
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This study was done to develop a variable and reliable scale that measures attitudes towards music. The samples of the study consists of 284 student 6th, 7th, 8th graders from Dokuz Eylül Junior High School ıZMıR. The scale has been contained that Likert type, 17 positive, and 13 negative 3 interval, total 30 items and 6 factor. Item total correlations, ıtem means and standart deviations, varimax rotated factör loadings communaHties, eigen values, Cronbachis Alpha and Split-Half reliability coefficients and percen-tage of variance were computed. The obtained findings indicates that the developed scale is a valiable and reliable instrument that can be used to measure attitudes towards music on Junior High Schools Students.

Keywords: Music Education, Attitudes, Scale of Attitutes towards Music.
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n this study, university students who have been using tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug were examined according to some individual and familial variables. The sample of the study included totally 1218 university students (666 women, 552 men). A questionaire developed by the researcher was utilized in this study. The data were analyzed by Chi-Square (x2) test. The fındings have shown that the rate of using illicit drug, tobacco, and aleohol by stUdents differed according to gender, religiosity levels, perceived socio-economic status, and some familial variables. The findings are discussed in the light of related literature, and some suggestions are made.

Keywords: tobacco, aleohol, illicit drug
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This paper examines labour force partieipation and unemployment issues in relatian to employment and unemployment relations by using three indicators developed by OECD (rates of labour force participation, unemployment rates by age and sex, unemployment rates by educational levels). These issues are dealt with in terms of sex, age and educatian variables emphasising woman dimension. The data used in this study was mostly gathered from the United Nations and OECD sources and national data was obtained from the data of the Institute of State Sta- ıisties (ISS). The sample countries from which regular statistical data are obtained show that there is a signifieant relationship between education and labour force participation rates. It is accepted that edu ca tion is an important tool to reduce unemployment, on the other hand, it is emphasised that the relationships between education and unemployment are more complex and there is a difficulty of making generalisation in this respect. When the issue is taken into consideration in regard to woman, it can be said that the higher the educationallevel of the woman is, the higher the rate of woman participation into labour force is, in return, especially educational inadequacy constitutes a disadvantage for the women in adapting to urban economy.

Keywords: Education, women employment, women unemployment, labour force participation.
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The objective of this research is to identify the effects of the inter class democratic instruction to the student achievement and academic self concept.

Keywords: Democratic Instruction, Academic Self Concept, Achievemrnt
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