In this artide, as data collecting tools interviews and questionnairesused in social science and educational researches were examined. Firstly, the definitions and types of both techniques were discussed. Then intreviews and questionnaires were compared in terms of various aspects. These comparasions were made regarding cost, time, schedule, sample size and sampling, access to information, bias, anonimity and confidentiaIty, response rate, validity, reliability and data anaIysis. FinaIly, the advantages and disadvantages of both techniques were summarised in a table.

Keywords: lnterviews, Questionnaires. Research Methods.
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The research was conducted to determine the relationsip between empathic skills and ego states of adolescents, and find out the impact of sex on empathic skills and ego states of adolescents. Research was carried out on a total of 147 students attending second and third grades of Home Economics College and the departments of Agriculture Faculty Ankara University. "Empathy Skill Inventory B Form" and "Adjective Check List" were used as data collection instruments. Variance analysis method was used to find out the effect of sex on empathic skills and ego states; and also correlation coefficient significant test was used to find out the relation between empathic skill levels and ego states of adolescents. In concIusion, while the effect of sex was not found statistically significant on empathic ski1l, Critical Parent ego state, Nurturing Parent ego state, Free Child ego state(P>O.05), the effect of sex was found statistica1y significant on Adult Parent ego state, Adapted Child ego state(P
Keywords: Adolescents, Empathic Skilı. Ego States (Parem Ego States. Adult Ego States, Child Ego States
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This studyaimed to find out the Jevel of knowledge of conservation possessed by six year old kindergarten children and study the effect of the training program employed on their knowledge of conservation. The subjects consisted of a total of 49 six year old children attending Hacettepe University's Gülveren Kindergarten. As an experimental one, this study involved the following sequence of events: pre-test - supportive training - post- test. The children in both the experiment and control groups were first administered the pre-test, in which adjustments had been made to include tasks dealing with conservation of number, length, material, quantity and weight. Following this, the children in the experiment group were administered a traıning-through-play program to reinforce the ir knowledge of conservation. This program was applied five day s a week for two months for each area of conservation. Following the training period, the same tasks used in pretest to test the children's knowledge of conservation, were administered to the children in both the experiment and control groups as the post or final test. In the statistical analysis of the data the Ki-Square test (for dependent samples) (Mc Nemar Test) was used and the number and percentage of children successful in each area of conservation in the pre-and post-tests were given. The difference was found to be significant between the scores achieved by the children in the experiment group in the pre- and posttests. On the other hand, the difference between the scores achieved by the children in the control group in the pre- and post- tests was not significant. However, there was some increase in the level of knowledge of conservation possessed by the children in this group. Care should be taken that educational programs designed for early childhood should give room to educational activities which will help children to acquire the concepts of conservation

Keywords: Conservation. Preschool Child, Piaget, Co/(nitiveDevelopment
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This study has analyzed the following topics; I-The expectations of the students from the Ministry of Education, school principals, teachers, parents. 2-Future expectations of the students; the activities mostly liked by them; their career preferences; the factors intluencing them. The sample of the study includes the senior students attending public secondary school s in the central districts of the Ankara province. The sample was identified randomly includes 512 students. However, the data of 498 students have been taken into account because of various reasons. The data that were collected through use of a questionnaire were assessed in form of frequencyand percentage distribution. Some of the findings could be stated as follows: The students wish to have the content of the subjects revised, wish to see more tolerance regarding school uniforms, and have no instruction that is heavily based on memorisation. The students regard the following topics important; being healthy, conversations with friends. Theyare mostly influenced by their parents. They prefer having future education in the fields of engineering and law.

Keywords: Secondary education, reorganization, student expectations, student wishes, student preferences.
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Since the number of candidate university students is much more than the capacity of higher education institutions, entrance to these institutions has been carried out through means of ÖSYM (Student Selection Placement Centre) examinations since 1974. The "selection" process in higher education is compulsory in Turkey. The examination system that has been changed from time to time became single-phase recently. This study aims at determining whether there is a relationship in the achievement of the students regarding biology items in the university entrance examinations until 1999. Therefore, 1996-1997 ÖSS (Student Selection Examination) and ÖYS (Student Placement Examination) biology items were administered to 209 students. These students are the students of preparatory class, i st, 2nd, 3rd ane' 4th grades of Hacettepe University, B iology Education Department and also those who would' partidpate in 1999-university entrance exam. After determining the achievement rate of the students in ÖSS and ÖYS, regression analysis was performed and correlation coefficient was calculated. Consequently, a correlatıon ranging from r =0.43 to r = 0,72 between the achievement of the students partidpated in the study in ÖSS and ÖYS biology items was found out.

Keywords: Student Selection Examination (ÖSS). Student Placement Examination (ÖYS). Correlation betWeen the achı- evement in University Selection Examination and University Placement Examination
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The purpose of this study was to develop and vaJidate an instrument determining the science teachers' perception about "application of measurement and evaluation techniques" in high schools. A 2-dimensional, 58 item Likert-type scale was developed by the researchers and administered to randomly selected 40 high school biology, chemistry, physics and science teachers, The Scale consisted of four parts, The first part inc1udes information related to teachers and their schools, The second part inc1udes the items related to importance and application of measurement and evaluation techniques, The third part inc1udes items determining the how often teachers use different question types and the ir abiJity to preparing those questions. The last part of the scale inc1udes free responses about relevance of measurement and evaluation into the Turkish Education system, The reliability coefficient was found to be O,85 for "importance" and O,81 for "application" dimensions in part two and 0,80 for "application" and 0,88 for "self-esteem" dimensions in part thre

Keywords: Mea,mrement and evaluation, 2-dimensional scale, science education
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The discussion in this paper is about the human factor and the function of total quality management from the point of fundamental problems of the education system. Total quality management (TQM) can be defined as an approach toward developing the organizational values, realizing the cultural transformation and determining the success standard. In this context, Total Quality Management is at the center of the professional development of the teacher; planniııg, research and the improvement efforts of the educational activities and the development toward realizing the educational process based on the guidance. Nowadays new approaches for the solution of the educational problems are needed. The effective organizational structure offered by TQM, carries the dynamics which develop and maintain the school system with it. Education can be defined as a process to acquire new attitudes so that the individual can deal with the changes and transform the existing situaiton to a positive directıon. Therefore the key concept of continual change and innovation is Total Quality Management. From this starting point. to apply Total Quality Management to educational system is not a choice but rather an inevitable necessity of recent developments. In summary. in today's management understanding, the individual-being a measure for everythinghas acquired a special status. From this point of view TQM is defined as a philosophy and a democratic management modeL. For this reason, this paper discusses mainly the situation and the importance of the individual from the point of TQM.

Keywords: Education. Total Quality. Management
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Spatial ability is one of the most important factors that affects achievement in mathematics and other areas. In the present study spatial abilities of eleventh grade students and prospective mathematic~ teachers were investigated by using card rotation, cube comparison measuring the spatial orientation ability and paper folding and surface development tests measuring the spatial visualisation ability developed by Ekstrom and his colleagues. As a result of t-test analysis, there was a statisticaııy significant mean difference çetween eleventh grade students and prospective mathematics teachers with respect to spatial ability. According to the result of MANOV A it was also found that there were statisticaııy sıgnıficant mean differences between eleventh grade students and prospective mathematics teachers with respect to spatial orientation and spatial visualiBationabilities. All these differences were in the favour of prospective mathematics teachers. However, prospective teachers' me an scroes of the tests were quite low

Keywords: Prospective Mathematics Teacher, Eleventh Grade Students, Spatial AbiUty, Spatial Orientation Abilitv, Spatial Visua Usation Abilitv
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Teaching method courses are overloaded with theoretical and idealistic knowledge. Some techniques are required in an effort to c10se the gap between theoretical and practical knowledge [1 J. One of the technique that connects theoretical knowledge into practice is micro-teaching. It provides exercise in developing teaching skills. lt is a teaching situation which is scaled down in terms of time and number of students [2J. The problem of this study is to define the current status of micro-teaching in Turkish Education. Population of this study is the teacher educators who are currently working in three universities of Central Anatolia as teaching method course teachers. A questionnaıre was developed in order to take the views and ideas of method course teachers conceming the status of micro-teachıng ın Turkey. As a result of this study, researcher offers some suggestions related to integration of micro-teaching ınto teacher education programs in Turkey.

Keywords: Micro-teaching, simulation, teaching method.'. teaching skills
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The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes of pre-service teachers towards teaching profession with regard to different variables. The sample comprised 340 pre-service teachers attending Faculty of Education, METU in Spring term, 1998. Attitudes of preservice teachers were investigated with the help of an attitude scale developed by the researchers. Results showed a significant difference between like-dislike, respect and selfesteem scores of boys and girls. There is also a significant difference with respect to grade level of the students. However, findings indicated no significant difference with regard to preference order in university entrance examination.

Keywords: Attitudes towards teaching profession. Likert type attitude scale
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In diesem Artikel wird der Unterricht mit auslaendischen Schülern an deutschen Grundschulen diskutiert.

Keywords: Grundschule, auslaendische Schüler, Multikulturelle Erziehung.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the misconceptions of freshman students in chemical equilibrium, In this study, 143 freshman students from Biology, Biology Education, Physics and Physics Education Departments in MEl'U took part during 1998- 1999 spring semester. Chemical Equilibrium Concepts Achievement Test was administered to all subjects, The results showed that many students had misconceptions about changing equilibrium conditions. relating rate and equilibrium and rate vs, extent.

Keywords: Misconcq tion, Chemical Equilibrium, Chemisıry Educarion
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The present pap.~r presents a comparative study on the achievement and common mistakes of fifteenyear- old 191 students chosen randomly from the province of Konya, Turkeyand 109 students from Leeds, the DK in 1996-97 school year about solving a set of operational (manıpulative) problems and of word problems related to the integer numbers, in particular nfgative numbers. The means of grouped data of students "rom Turkeyand the DK are 55.40 and 66.91 respectively with the ir standard deviations 21.26 and 20.37. The mdians of the same groups are 52 and 67, and standard errı)r of means are 1.54 and 1.95 respectively. Thus fifteen-y(,ar-olds in Leeds achieved relatively high mean scores on the word problems with different contexts. Finally, student,' common mistakes and errors were listed to give an idea to both mathematics educators and teachers.

Keywords: Mathematics Education. Word Prohlems, Common Mistakes. Misconceptions
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This study is il replication study of the european studies conducted with Turkish university students. The purposes of this studyare (i) to develop and validate a test to measure university students' misconceptions in introductory mechanics, and (ii) to survey METU freshmen students' misconceptions in introductory mechanics. The Mechanics Misconception Test that contains 46 Turkish multiple choice items was administered to 946 freshmen studentsas a pretest and to 506 freshmen students as a post test in introductory nıechanics course. After the analysis of the questions by des:riptive statistical methods, students' misconceptions and their percentage were found. The resultswere analyzed in three categories: i. Aristotelian physics, 2. Impetus physics, and 3. Interpretingthe graphs. Aristotelian physics was analyzed in three categories; l.Ideal versus real systems, 2. Motion implies force, and 3. Force is directly proportional to velocity rather than acceleration. In Impetus physics, lİnear impetus was analyzed. In the interpreting the graphs, discriminating between the slope and height of a position versus time graph was analyzed. The descriptions of these misconceptions, the ir percentages, and comparison with the studies done in other countries were discussed in detai

Keywords: Misconceptions, Aristotelian physics, lmpetus physics. Physics achievement.
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The research was conducted to find out the impact of sex and class level on empathic skills and adjustment of adolescents getting or not getting education in music. Research samples were 206 adolescents, "Emphatic Skill Inventory-B Form" and "Hacettepe Personality Inventory" were used as data collection instrnments, Statisticaly the data were evaluated by using "Two Way Analysis of Variance" and "Correlation Coefficient Significant Test". As a conclusion; the effect of getting or not getting musical education, sex and class level were not found significant on the empathic skill score of the adolescents (P>O,05). Whether or not getting musical education on individual and general adjustment scores while sex only on individual adjustment scores of the adolescents caused significant differences (P
Keywords: Musical educalion, empathic skill, individual adjustment, social adjustment, general adjustment.
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Distance educatian takes place when a teacher and student(s) are seperated by physical distance. Nowadays. research related to the usage of computer networks in distance educatian have been widespread throughout the world. The study that is subject to this paper consists of the research carried out with the aim of using computer network s as an educational tool for distance education in Turkish universities and its results. In this study, control and experiment groups have been formed for two different courses and two techniques of distance education using computer networkf have been applied to experiment groups where the classical education technique has been used for control groups. The results obtained show that there is no significant difference between the techniques in terms of the results of student assessments but computer networks based distance education should be supported with multimedia tools and should be in concert with face-to-face communication.

Keywords: Distance Education, Computer NetWorks, Multimedia
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Der Aufsatz behandelt die vermittlung der fremdsprachlichen Literatur im DaF - Unterricht an den Universitaten unter Berücksichtigung des fremdkulturellen Gehaltes von Texten. Von der diesbezüglichen Theorie der Wissenschaft und Lehre ausgehend werden vier themengleiche Gedichte aus verschiedenen Epochen der dt. Literatur untersucht. Dabei werden neben dem kultureilen Hintergrund die sprachlichen, grammatikalischen und formalen Besonderheiten der Texte vergleichend analysiert. Um den fremdsprachlichen Text zu verstehen, wird zum Schluss versucht, die Fantasie des Lehrers bzw. des Lemers anzuregen.

Keywords: Literaturdidaktik, Text, FSU, Kulturvermittlung, Lyrik, Stil.
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Feeding is using the foods for growing, cantinuing the life and keeping health. Feeding is the head of people's needs. the first purpose of the person, family and the society is being healthy and producer. Feeding also affects the development of c1evemess. In our country less and unbalanced feeding is one of the most important problem especially for the growing children. Although feeding values that are the needs of orgarıism for every ages are investigated in many researches, nowadays, because of different reasons whether we are feeding in balance or not is still not known. In om analyse the subject of whether young people in lise level are feeding in balance or not and whether theyare given enough information by books and educators or not, is researched and the roles of Science Educators are discussed in this loop

Keywords: Balanced and enough feeding, food, food educaıion
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Especially after the Industrial Revolution in parallel with technological development, the necessity of taking international precautions against the man - made environmental problems has been understood only by 1970's, and in many countries of the world concrete studies has been made for the solution of environmental problems and necessary legal changes has been carried out. Although some legal changes about enviromental protection are also carried out ın our country, in the realisation of these, there are some duties and responsilities that are to be taken by all members of the community. Since the protection of envimnment is only realised with the inforrning and education of individuals, especially the education of individuals who are in a school system has great importance. This study has been experimented on 222 students from the preperation I.. 2.,3. and 4. classes from Biology Teacher Profession Department, Faculty of Education University of Hacettepe to determine the interest and the amount of the knowledge that university students have. An investigation including questions about environmental problems has been applied on students. The result of the assessment shows that the students many of who are at the last step of the organised education do not have adequate knowledge about environment and the students attending preperation classes even have less knowledge then the others. A comparison made between chemistry students and biology students has shown that, the knowledge of biology students about envimnment is much more than that of the chemistry students

Keywords: nvironmental Educarion. Protection olEnvironment, The Knowledge Level ol University Students AboU/ Environment
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The aims of this study were to determine misconceptions conceming general biology concepts held by prospective teachers and to determine possible reasons of these misconceptions by interviewing with instructors. In this study, General Biology Misconception Test, consisting of 33 questions, was used and administered to 186 prospective teachers. Content of the Test included basic biology concepts such as ecology, plant biology, digestive system, respiration, excretory system, enzyme, diffusion and osmosis, cell division, classification and food web. Analysis of results showed that prospective teachers had considerable degree of misconceptions conceming basic concepts in biology.

Keywords: Misconceptions, biology education, prospective teachers
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The research was carried out to determine the relationships between different variables and attitudes toward integration of nursery teachers. Research sample was totaly 118 nursery teachers. The questionaire which is prepared by researcher were used as data colletion instrumenL The questionare was composed as including opinions about special education, integration and integration process. Data were tested via analysis of x2. Findings revealdet significant relation between attitudes toward integration and getting or not getting special education course (p::50.05). Attitudes toward special eduacation were noL Results also indicate that there were not relations amnog professional experience, teaching experience with handicapped, age and the precence of handicapped child in the family, with attitudes toward integration (p>Q.05). In the study, interpretations conceming findings and suggestions were presented.

Keywords: ntegration, attitudes. nurcery teachers
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The purpose of this study was how the best environment can be created for optimum performance of the technical education. During these study i visited the career centers in Coumbus Ohio, i have visited all the departments of the schools and seen their environment. And i have made interview with the school presidents or with the school supervisors about the general situation of the school, the success level of the students, the physical conditions and its environment and their needs for the future improvements of their schools. In the study, an questioner was developed to collect the data. The questioner were applied to 40 teachers. According to the results; usually the teachers working in the schools are mostly experienced and have a good level of knowledge in their fields. Most of the teachers have the experience of industrial areas. The suceess level in career centers are extremely high. The schools are also well equipment. In vocational and technological education its importantto motivate the students and let them learn subject during practiee. The teaeher can inerease the suceess level of the studentsby choosing the proper method of teachıng for different environments.

Keywords: Technical Education, environment, team teachıng.
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In this study, to what extent variables such as loneliness, test anxiety, family support, peer support, and teacher support predicting academic acheivement of high school students were examined. The sample of the study included totally 545 high school students(280 female, 265 male). The mean of grades of Turkish Language, Mathemathics, Physics, Chemistry, andBiology was considered as the criterion of academic acheivement. The Turkish Form of University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (UCLA), The Turkish Form of Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS)- High School Form were administredin this study. The data were analyzed by Regression technique. According to the findings, teacher support, family support, loneliness, and test anxiety predicted academic acheivement of high school students significantly. However, peer support did not predict academic acheivement significantly. The findings were discussed in the light of related literature, and some suggestion were made.

Keywords: Academic acheivement, loneliness, test anxiety, ,wcial support
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This study is about the chemistry items that were used in both i 997 and 1998 Student Selection Examination (ÖSS) and Studem Placement Examination (ÖYS). These items were administered to 183 students of Hacettepe University, Faculty of Education, Chemistry Education branch and to 31 high school seni or students of Atatürk Anadolu High School who would participate in 1999 Studem Selection Examination. They replied the chemistry items used in two examination. Af ter determining their achievement rate in ÖSS and in ÖYS, regression analysis was carried out and also correlation coeffient was cakulated. A correlation ranging from r= 0.37 to r= 0.58 was found between their achievement in ÖSS chemistry items and ÖYS chemistry items

Keywords: Student Selection Examination (ÖSS). Studem Placement Examination (ÖYS), Correlation between the achievement in ÖSS chemistry items and the achievement in ÖYS.
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Review of literature conceming aerobic and anaerobic respiration has shown that high school students have many misconceptions about these concepts. In order to detect students' misconceptions, a diagnostic test was developed. The test was administered to 67 ninth grade and 56 tenth grade students. Validity and reliability of the test was investigated by item analysis, factor analysis and table of specification. Moreover, validity of the test was supported by examining the relationship between students' personnel information and achievement received from the test. Lastly, misconceptions were determined by ca!culating the percentages of the students choosing the altematives of the test.

Keywords: Misconception, diagnostic test, aerobic and anaerobic respiration
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Keywords: xxx
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Keywords: Secondary Schools, Biology Education, Education Methods and Techniques, The Aims of Biology Education
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