This article examines the challenges and possibilities of implementing a flipped classroom in fully online settings. It provides insights into the dynamics of interaction and collaboration in a fully online flipped classroom and offers recommendations for its implementation and further research. In addition, the impact of a fully online flipped classroom approach on students' performance was compared to that of online learning. A mixed-method design was used in the research, with 59 students participating. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected during the 14-week study regarding the fully online flipped classroom approach. The study's findings indicate that a fully online flipped classroom approach significantly impacts student success and enhances learning outcomes compared to traditional online learning.

Keywords: Fully online flipped classroom, flipped classroom, achievement

DOI : 10.16986/HUJE.2023.504 [HTML]

This study investigated the address forms in high school EFL textbook dialogues with reference to the scales of sociopragmatic politeness. In total, 148 address forms were collected from 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th grade EFL textbooks used in Türkiye. Utilizing the instrument developed, the collected data were quantitatively analyzed and cross tabulated. According to the results, the genders of the speakers, gender pairs, vertical distance, horizontal distance, and rights/obligations scales were found to be reflected in the address forms. On the other hand, the address forms were found to be statistically independent from the genders of the hearers and the cost/benefit scales. Based on the findings, the overall representation of the address forms was discussed, and several suggestions were made accordingly to enhance the functionality of the textbooks to reflect sociopragmatic components of addressing.

Keywords: address forms, sociopragmatics, pragmatic competence, foreign language education, textbooks

DOI : 10.16986/HUJE.2023.506 [HTML]

Students in the twenty-first century must demonstrate competence and competitiveness, but the current issue is a lack of creativity or creative and innovative problem-solving skills. The integration of project-based learning (PjBL) with Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) is the solution to this problem (STEM). The purpose of this study was to ascertain the relationships between the variables affecting PjBL-STEM and to investigate 21st Century Learning and Innovation Skills (4Cs). The research method used was quantitative. Additionally, the research sampled 283 students. The quantitative analysis employed the Structural Equation Model (SEM) technique to analyze responses to a questionnaire submitted via Google Form. The study's findings indicated that while there was a correlation between PjBL-STEM and 4Cs competencies, communication skills were less effective in PjBL-STEM learning due to a variety of influencing factors. To improve students' communication skills, the author recommends that the school provide increased motivation to ensure that communication skills are acquired properly.

Keywords: PJBL, STEM, 21st Century Learning and Innovation Skills (4Cs)

DOI : 10.16986/HUJE.2023.499 [HTML]

This study aims to analyze the articles published on augmented reality (AR), metaverse, and virtual reality (VR) in the 21st century based on the Web of Science (WoS) database. In this study, we evaluated 2203 scientific documents in the education category. We examined the data set obtained from the WoS database within scientific productivity, network analysis, trend topic, thematic change, conceptual structure, and thematic map. We analyzed the distribution of articles by year and number of citations, core authors, most cited articles, productive institutions, dominant authors by years, and productive countries within scientific productivity. The network analysis determined cooperation between authors, institutions, and countries, keyword cloud, and co-occurrence networks according to keywords. In the last stage of the research, we examined trend topics, thematic change, conceptual structure, and the formation of thematic maps. The research analyzed scientific documents with 71,050 reference information, representing 87 countries and published by 5781 authors. According to the findings, the number of articles and citations published on AR, metaverse and VR has increased significantly, especially in the last ten years. Hwang, G. J., Makransky, G., and Tsai, C. C. stand out as core authors. Prolific institutions include the National Taiwan Normal University and the National Taiwan University of Science and Technology. China, USA, Spain, Turkey, and United Kingdom are among the leading producing countries. While emphasizing the technological infrastructure as thematic change, the best size reduction representing the conceptual structure accounts for approximately 58% of the total variability. We shared some thoughts on the future of AR, metaverse, and VR as suggestions.

Keywords: Augmented reality (AR), bibliometric, metaverse, virtual reality (VR), Web of Science (WoS)

DOI : 10.16986/HUJE.2023.503 [HTML]

In this study, the data obtained from the 6-item survey applied to the participants of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2019 Science course were used. The data of the TIMSS 2019 United States of America (USA) sample were compared with the data of countries that have different cultural structures such as Turkey (TUR), Japan (JPN), and Norway (NOR). This study aims to investigate the measurement invariance by constructing structural equation models for the comparisons to be meaningful and reliable. In the study, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) is performed, and Structural Equation Model (SEM) is developed. Spss 25 and Lisrel 8.80 was used. The measurement invariance was examined by performing confirmatory factor analysis of the measurement tool amongst countries with different cultural structures. The results of data comparison between the USA and these other three countries (TUR, JPN, and NOR) are as follow; between USA and TUR: configural and weak; partially scalar; and partially strict invariance, between USA and JPN: configural and weak; scalar and strict invariance, while between USA and NOR: configural and weak; scalar and strict invariance.

Keywords: measurement invariance, structural equation modelling (SEM), TIMSS 2019.

DOI : 10.16986/HUJE.2023.501 [HTML]

This study aimed to investigate prospective EFL teachers’ (n=151) efficacy levels in relation to some independent variables. To achieve this aim, the adapted version of the Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale developed by Tschannen-Moran & Woolffolk-Hoy (2001) was administered to the participants. The results of the study revealed that prospective EFL teachers had high level of efficacy in the subscales of student engagement, instructional strategies and classroom management. Related to gender, undergraduate major, CGPA and practicum experience, the results of this study showed that there were significant relationship between these variables and prospective EFL teachers’ efficacy levels in terms of the subscales of student engagement, instructional strategies and classroom management.

Keywords: self-efficacy, teacher efficacy, prospective EFL teachers, English language teaching, teacher education

DOI : 10.16986/HUJE.2023.507 [HTML]

The COVID-19 pandemic has been an important opportunity for the education sector to test itself in different conditions. In this process, many countries affected by the pandemic have integrated their technology into all levels of education. Education administrators and teachers played important roles such as improving their technological literacy skills and being a role model for their students. The concept of digital leadership, as one of these theories, is a leadership model used in response to the leadership situation that emerges with the digital transformation, which is deemed necessary in the basic sectors of the information society. Leadership skills need to be developed in order to improve the corporate culture by utilizing the power of digital technologies in education. In this context, digital leadership in education becomes effective. As a crisis, the COVID 19 pandemic has posed a threat to existing organizational structures and forced these structures to transform and overhaul. In terms of the educational institutions, the responsibility of digital leaders are increased in terms of organizational processes during the pandemic and all the rest of it. It can be suggested that educational processes will not continue as before after the pandemic. While the digital leadership skills of school principals contribute to the creation of digital education environments for teachers, the continuous development and improvement of school management processes create a more sustainable culture of change. To sum up, leaders who digitize the learning culture with their digital leadership roles and skills can make significant contributions to the fulfillment of digital transformation in educational institutions.

Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, digital leadership, educational institutions

DOI : 10.16986/HUJE.2022.463 [HTML]

In this study, it was aimed to examine the effects of the originally designed educational games on the Zero Waste awareness levels of the science teacher candidates and to determine the opinions of the prospective teachers about the practice process. In this study, a research model called mixed-method research, in which quantitative and qualitative research methods are used together, was used to obtain data. The semi-experimental design with a pre test – post test control group was used to collect the quantitative data of the research, and a semi-structured interview technique was used to obtain the qualitative data. The study group of the research consisted of 40 pre service science teachers studying in the 3rd grade of a state university in Ankara were studied in the fall semester of the 2021-2022 academic year. The first result obtained from this study was that there was no significant difference between the pre-test scores of the experimental and control groups, but a significant difference was found between the post-test scores in favour of the experimental group. As a result of the research, pre-service teachers stated that they liked the “Kullan At’ma (Don't Dispose)” game the most, they had the most difficulty in “Düşün, Net, Kağıdı Yok Et (Think Clear, Destroy Paper), and the games they played provided them with cognitive, affective and psychomotor gains.

Keywords: Zero waste, Awareness, Educational games, Teacher candidates

DOI : 10.16986/HUJE.2023.502 [HTML]

In today's world, where the post-industrial transformation has begun to affect educational organizations, the roles and experiences of teachers are also changing. In this context, it is thought that the teacher's ability to find meaning in his profession can reduce the effects of experiences related to precariousness, sense of belonging, drift and individualization. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of teachers' meaningful job perception on the corrosion of character. In order to achieve this aim, both correlational and survey methods were used within the framework of quantitative research in the study. The sample consisted of 382 teachers working in Eyüp District of Istanbul Province in the 2019-2020 academic year. Participants were selected through simple random sampling, one of the probability sampling methods. Data collection tools used in the study were the Meaningful Work Scale and the Corrosion of Character Scale, and data were analyzed using the JAMOVI statistical program. The results showed that teachers' perception of meaningful work was high, while their perception of character corrosion was at a medium level. The study also revealed significant differences in teachers' perceptions of meaningful work and levels of character corrosion based on their personal characteristics. Additionally, the study concluded that the perception of meaningful work serves as a predictor of character corrosion; a higher perception of meaningful work among teachers led to lower levels of character corrosion.

Keywords: Corrosion of character, meaningful work, meaningful in work, teacher

DOI : 10.16986/HUJE.2023.500 [HTML]

The purpose of this study is to develop a socioscientific scenario related to space research. The study consists of four parts: preparation of a draft scenario, obtaining expert opinions, revising and implementing the scenario. The selection of the topic, space research, was based on the following criteria: (i) being current, (ii) being realistic, (iii) including different aspects, (iv) familiarity of students with these topics, and (v) being part of the science curriculum. In developing the scenario content, various sources such as newspaper articles, research findings, scientific publications, popular science materials, teaching resources, websites, blogs, and reports were utilized. The scenario concludes with discussion questions. After developing the draft scenario, experts in science education, special education, and Turkish language education were consulted to evaluate the readability, comprehensibility, suitability for the study, and age level appropriateness. Based on the experts' feedback, the final version of the scenario was prepared and pilot tested with five gifted students. The pilot test results demonstrated that the scenario was effective in stimulating informal reasoning and revealing patterns of informal reasoning through the discussion questions. The research findings were discussed in the context of the literature, and recommendations for future research were provided.

Keywords: Socioscientific issues, Scenario development, Space research, Informal reasoning

DOI : 10.16986/HUJE.2023.505 [HTML]